Classification Archives - Eva Varga

HomeschoolingLab ReportScience & TechnologyScience in ActionSTEM Club

STEM Club: The Plant Kingdom

October 10, 20132

The focus for STEM Club this week is The Plant Kingdom or kingdom Plantae.  Plants, also called green plants or viridiplantae in Latin, are multicellular organisms.  The cell walls contain cellulose and generally, plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts, hence the green color.

Getting Started

After reviewing their work from the previous week (see Scientific Classification), I began the lesson with a fun activity to get them comfortable using their observation skills, Forest Mystery Bags.  Each pair of students was given a brown paper bag of materials collected in the forest.  They were instructed to reach in and to make a list of the bag’s contents using only their sense of touch.  After several minutes, the contents were revealed and we discussed any surprises –> an elk tooth and a wood chip with beaver teeth marks.

plant kingdom foldableThe Plant Kingdom 

We discussed how scientists use a variety of characteristics (seed bearing or spore bearing, vascular or non-vascular, etc.) to further divide the kingdom Plantae into smaller divisions.  I then shared with them a poster showing the five plant divisions: angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms (conifers), ferns & horsetails, mosses, and liverworts & hornworts.

They were instructed to take notes, sketching a simple key in their interactive notebooks (I had a sample on the overhead). Thereafter, we practiced identifying a few common trees using a dichotomous key.  I brought along a number of leaf samples and a small collection of seeds and cones and provided time for the kids to sketch a few in their notebooks.  Sweetie and Buddy shared their nature journals with the other students and we encouraged them to begin a similar journal themselves.

Similarly, when the kids asked if they could keep the elk teeth and cones, I told them about our Cabinet of Curiosities.  “You can start one of you own,” I encouraged.  “You can begin with a simple egg carton. Over time, your collection will grow.  Collect things of interest to you.  Seeds, cones, feathers, stones, and insects are just a few ideas.”

Foldable

Before I dismissed the class, I shared with them the new foldable for their interactive science notebook, Types of Plants (pictured above). Click on the link here to download a copy for yourselves.  As before, if you use this foldable yourself, please share it with me.  I would love to see your kids’ work when they have finished.  You can post a link in the comments or feel free to email me a digital picture of their work.

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HomeschoolingLab ReportScience & TechnologyScience in ActionSTEM Club

STEM Club: Scientific Classification and Dichotomous Keys

October 3, 20134

I started teaching a new class – live and in person for my local homeschool community.  I am very excited to teach formally again and this format promises to be both very rewarding and very challenging.  Rewarding because I get to share my passion for science with a great group of middle level students – such a fun age!  Challenging because as a homeschool mom, I do not have a class set of materials and equipment as I did in the public school and the kids vary in age and ability.

The course I have outlined for this first trimester focuses on life science.  We will be covering everything from scientific classification, cell structure, food chains and webs, and biomes.  There is so much to cover that another challenge will be simply deciding what to include.

levels of classification foldableScientific Classification

In our first session, I introduced the topic of scientific classification and how to use a dichotomous key.  Here is a simple video by Mark Drollinger explaining the six kingdom system:

▶ Six Kingdoms of Classification by Mark Drollinger

There are 3 Domains – Bacteria (prokaryotic micoroorganisms), Archaea (single-celled microorganisms), and Eukarya (organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures (organelles) enclosed within membranes).  Domains can be further divided into Kingdoms.

Currently, there are 6 Kingdoms – Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists, Archaea, and Bacteria.  Note that some resources show 5 Kingdoms (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists, and Monera) – grouping Archaea and Monera together.

Each of these kingdoms can be further divided into Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.  Some resources will show more specific levels including (but not limited to) superorders, subfamilies, tribes, etc.  For the purposes of this class, we will be using the levels shown here in bold and underlined.

If you have a BrainPop subscription, you may also wish to see the video on  Classification.

Dichotomous Keys

After a brief introduction and Power Point presentation on scientific classification (I could have been more concise than I was, actually), I introduced dichotomous keys.  Dichotomous keys are a tool that is used to identify organisms and that consist of the answers to a series of questions.

Here is another video by Drollinger that illustrates how these tools are used:

▶ Dichotomous Key by Mark Drollinger

Working in small groups, the kids each removed one of his/her shoes and placed it on the table.  They then carefully examined each shoe, noting its characteristics. They then brainstormed two categories into which each shoe either fit or did not fit; thereafter physically dividing the shoes into the two categories.  They continued in this way until 

each shoe stood alone.  They then recorded their dichotomous key on butcher paper and shared it with the class.  One group (which ended up splintering into two due to creative differences) chose to take the assignment further and rather than create a key for shoes, made one for the popular game, Minecraft. As I’d anticipated, they weren’t as successful with this but I loved their passion and commitment to see it through.

As it was clear that some groups understood and some did not – I took them outside and began to walk them through identifying one of the trees nearby using a dichotomous key from a book I’d brought along, Trees to Know in Oregon by Edward Jensen.  Though I live now in California, this is one of the best field guides I have ever come across.  I highly recommend it to anyone in the Pacific Northwest.

For many of the kids, it was clear that they hadn’t had much experience looking at the characteristics of trees.  This real-time assessment provided me with a clear direction for our next session when we will be focusing upon plants.

scientific classificationFoldable

For homework, I asked the kids to create a flip book or foldable for their interactive science notebook.  We had a little trouble creating one from scratch in class that I did not anticipate.  I’ve thereby created one and provide it to you for your personal use – Levels of Classification. The photo collage at the top shows the sample I used in class. The graphic just above shows the foldable I created.  It is designed to open like a mini-book so you’ll want to download the PDF to get both pages.

  1. Print it out front/back
  2. Fold it in half hamburger style (the short, fat way)
  3. Cut along the black line between the classification levels on the front flap only
  4. Choose an animal (or plant) and write the name on front cover in upper left corner
  5. Research the taxonomy of your selected animal (or plant)
  6. Beneath the flap, write down the characteristics that are true of all those animals (or plants) at that classification level (the first level – Domain – is done for you). Feel free to draw little pictures to help you remember these characteristics.

I would love to see your kids’ work when they have finished.  Please post a link in the comments or feel free to email me a digital picture of their work.  If I get enough submissions, I’ll create a little slideshow. 🙂

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